View point: Etiology in Parkinson's disease. Dual hit or spreading intoxication

Lewy bodies and alpha-synuclein accumulation are first found in the enteric nervous system of the gut and in the olfactory bulb in Parkinson's disease and only later in the brain.  This supports the idea that the disease may start by the ingestion of a toxin or pathogen, and is in agreement with the recent implication of Helicobacter pylori in the disease.


Risk factors:  Parkinson's disease Kegg pathways Parkinson's